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Statistical Analysis of Fragility Curves
This paper presents a statistical analysis of structural fragility curves. Both empirical and analytical fragility curves are considered. The empirical fragility curves are developed utilizing bridge damage data obtained from the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake. The analytical fragility curves are constructed on the basis of the nonlinear dynamic analysis. Two-parameter lognormal distribution functions are used to represent the fragility curves with the parameters estimated by the maximum likelihood method. This paper also presents methods of testing the goodness of fit of the fragility curves and estimating the confidence intervals of the two parameters (median and log-standard deviation) of the distribution. An analytical interpretation of randomness and uncertainty associated with the median is provided
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Nonlinear Static Procedure for Fragility Curve Development
This study examines the fragility curves of a bridge by two different analytical approaches; one utilizes the time-history analysis and the other uses the capacity spectrum method. The latter approach is one of the simplified nonlinear static procedures recently developed for buildings. In this respect, a sample of 10 nominally identical but statistically different bridges and 80 ground-motion time histories are considered to account for the uncertainties related to the structural capacity and ground motion, respectively. The comparison of fragility curves by the nonlinear static procedure with those by time-history analysis indicates that the agreement is excellent for the state of at least minor damage, but not as good for the state of major damage where nonlinear effects clearly play a crucial role. Overall, however, the agreement is adequate even in the state of major damage considering the large number of typical assumptions under which the analyses of fragility characteristics are performed
The decays "neutrino{heavy} -> neutrino{light} + photon" and "neutrino{heavy} -> neutrino{light} e+ e-" of massive neutrinos
If, as recently reported by the Super-Kamiokande collaboration, the neutrinos
are massive, the heaviest one would not be stable and, though chargeless, could
in particular decay into a lighter neutrino and a photon by quantum loop
effects. The corresponding rate is computed in the standard model with massive
Dirac neutrinos as a function of the neutrino masses and mixing angles. The
lifetime of the decaying neutrino is estimated to be approximately 10^44 years
for a mass 5 10^{-2} eV. If kinematically possible, the decay of a heavy
neutrino into a lighter one plus an e+ e- pair occurs at tree level and its
one-loop radiative corrections get enhanced by a large logarithm of the
electron mass acting as an infrared cutoff. It then largely dominates the
photonic mode by several orders of magnitude, corresponding to a lifetime
approximately equal to 10^{-2} year for a mass 1.1 MeV.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX 2e (epsf) with 9 postscript figures and one logo.
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Recommended from our members
Nonlinear Static Procedure for Fragility Curve Development
This study examines the fragility curves of a bridge by two different analytical approaches; one utilizes the time-history analysis and the other uses the capacity spectrum method. The latter approach is one of the simplified nonlinear static procedures recently developed for buildings. In this respect, a sample of 10 nominally identical but statistically different bridges and 80 ground-motion time histories are considered to account for the uncertainties related to the structural capacity and ground motion, respectively. The comparison of fragility curves by the nonlinear static procedure with those by time-history analysis indicates that the agreement is excellent for the state of at least minor damage, but not as good for the state of major damage where nonlinear effects clearly play a crucial role. Overall, however, the agreement is adequate even in the state of major damage considering the large number of typical assumptions under which the analyses of fragility characteristics are performed
Contribution of higher nucleon resonances to K*{\Lambda} photoproduction
We investigate K*{\Lambda}(1116) photoproduction off the proton and neutron
targets in the effective Lagrangian method in the tree-level Born
approximation. In addition to the K, K*, and {\kappa} exchanges which are the
main contributions to the reaction, we consider the contributions from the
higher nucleon resonances D13(2080) and the D15(2200). We find that the
D13(2080) plays a crucial role in explaining the enhancement of the
near-threshold production rate, which results in a good agreement with the
experimental data for the proton targets, while the contribution of the
D15(2200) is rather small. A similar conclusion is drawn for K* photoproduction
off the neutron targets. In addition to the energy and angular dependence of
the cross sections, we present the predictions on the photon-beam asymmetry.Comment: 12 pages, 19 figure
Genotyping via Amplification and Hhal Cleavage of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) Gene in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
DNA amplification and HhaI cleavage for the apolipoprotein E (apofi)
genotyping is identified in 108 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A group
of randomly selected 100 normal individuals analysed as control samples. There
were no significant differences in apoE genotype frequencies between the two groups.
Analysis of variances was performed to test for mean differences in plasma lipids.
lipoprotein and apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels. Compared to controls, patients with
CAD had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low density
lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-ChoI). The ratios of LDL-Chol to apoB were also
elevated in the CAD group. The levels of TC and LDL-Chol in the E3j3 genotype of
patients were significantly higher than those of the controls. The high density
Iipoprotein-cholesteroI(HDL-ChoI) levels in E4j3 type of the patients were
significantly higher than those of E3j3 subjects. As phenotype analysis for the apoE
polymorphism differs somewhat among populations, so we discussed possible
reasons for these discrepancies
The Rank four Heterotic Modular Invariant Partition Functions
In this paper, we develop several general techniques to investigate modular
invariants of conformal field theories whose algebras of the holomorphic and
anti-holomorphic sectors are different. As an application, we find all such
``heterotic'' WZNW physical invariants of (horizontal) rank four: there are
exactly seven of these, two of which seem to be new. Previously, only those of
rank have been completely classified. We also find all physical modular
invariants for , for , and ,
, completing the classification of ref.{} \SUSU.Comment: 25 pp., plain te
A MATLAB based simulation program for indoor visible light communication system
We report a simulation program for indoor visible light communication environment based on MATLAB and Simulink. The program considers the positions of the transmitters and the reflections at each wall. For visible light communication environment, the illumination light-emitting diode is used not only as a lighting device, but also as a communication device. Using the simulation program, the distributions of illuminance and root-mean-square delay spread are analyzed at bottom surface
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